Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 146(4):588–600Īnderson RS (1987) Polykaryon formation by Mercenaria mercenaria hemocytes. Environ Sci Technol 46:2033–2039Īlves de Almeida E, Celso Dias Bainy A, Paula de Melo Loureiro A, Regina Martinez G, Miyamoto S, Onuki J, Di Mascio P (2007) Oxidative stress in Perna perna and other bivalves as indicators of environmental stress in the Brazilian marine environment: antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Adv Mar Biol 22:101–198Īllan SE, Smith BW, Anderson KA (2012) Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Gulf of Mexico coastal waters. Polycycl Aromat Compd 35(2–4):177–186Īkberali HB, Trueman ER (1985) Effects of environmental stress on marine bivalve molluscs. In addition, histological observations showed that tissues in contact with HEWAF (gills, palp, connective tissue, digestive gland) were adversely impacted at ≥ 7 μg tPAH50 L −1, and exhibited pathological symptoms typical of an inflammatory response (e.g., hemocyte diapedesis and infiltration, syncytia, epithelium sloughing).Īchten C, Andersson JT (2015) Overview of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC). This finding suggests that structural changes occurred in the digestive gland of exposed oysters most likely due to an oil-related stress. A morphometric study of the digestive tubules (DGTs) indicated a dose-dependent response to oil exposure on lumen dilation, on epithelium thinning of the DGT, and a significant change in DGT synchrony (LOEC = 66 μg tPAH50 L −1). Exposure of oysters to a range of oil/HEWAF (0–7–66–147–908–3450 μg tPAH50 (sum of 50 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) L −1) resulted in non-dose-dependent mortalities and reduced clearance rates of algal food ( Tisochrysis lutea).

This study investigated the effects of surface-collected DWH oil prepared as high-energy water-accommodated fraction (HEWAF) on the survival of 2-month-old oyster spat, and evaluated the potential impacts of HEWAF on particle clearance rate and spat tissue. Due to its biological characteristics (sessile, filter feeding), juvenile oysters may have been affected. The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is an ecologically and economically important species in the northern GoM. The 2010 explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil rig generated the largest marine oil spill in US history with millions of barrels of crude oil released in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM).

Seprating single oyster spat